One of the things that make databases truly powerful is their ability to protect your data even in the face of unexpected failures.

Whether the database server crashes , restarts , or there’s a sudden power outage , you can trust that your committed data won’t simply disappear.

This promise is known as Durability — one of the four essential ACID properties of databases.

But, what does it actually take to make a database durable?

In this article, we'll explore three key techniques databases use to ensure durability.

1. Write-Ahead Logging (WAL)

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